Background: Thoracoscopic-assisted Nuss repair is a commonly used method for treating pectus excavatum, which has always been performed under tracheal intubation and general anesthesia. However, general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation can produce intubation and anesthetic drug related complications. In non-intubation anesthesia, laryngeal mask is used instead of tracheal intubation without muscle relaxants and small doses of sedative and analgesic drugs. Therefore, non-intubation anesthesia can reduce complications and speed up postoperative recovery. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical impact of these two anesthesia methods on thoracoscopic-assisted Nuss repair for the treatment of pectus excavatum.Methods: A total of 115 pectus excavatum patients who underwent thoracoscopic-assisted Nuss procedure repair in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Yunnan First People's Hospital from January 2017 to January 2022 were included. All subjects in this study underwent thoracoscopic assisted Nuss repair in the same thoracic surgical team. According to different anesthesia methods, they were divided into non-intubation anesthesia group (n=62) and intubation anesthesia group (n=53). The intubation time, ambulation, defecation time, postoperative blood drawing results, postoperative hospital stay and total hospitalization cost were compared between the two groups.Results: There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics and preoperative examination indexes between the two groups, which were comparable. Compared with the intubation anesthesia group, the non-intubation anesthesia group had less anesthesia intubation time, lower intraoperative mean heart rate, less postoperative complications, such as pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and lung infection. In the non-intubation anesthesia group, the first time to eat, drink, get out of bed, and defecate were all earlier.Routine blood results 24 h after surgery indicated that the non-intubation anesthesia group had lower white blood cell, neutrophil and lymphocyte, an earlier postoperative discharge time, and lower total hospitalization expenses.Conclusions: Non-intubation anesthesia in thoracoscopic-assisted Nuss procedure for the repair of pectus excavatum can make the postoperative recovery of patients faster and has better safety and efficacy.