机构:[1]Department of Urology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China.深圳市康宁医院深圳市人民医院深圳医学信息中心[2]Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China.Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.[3]Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road, East Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.[4]Department of Urology, Brazilian National Institute of Cancer and Hospital Mário Kroeff, Rio de Janeiro 20230‑130, Brazil.[5]Section of Urology, National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[6]Department of Urology, Diakonie Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany.[7]Urological Department, Urological Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.四川大学华西医院[8]Department of Scientific Research, Norte University, 1001‑1925 Asunción, Paraguay.[9]Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.[10]Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.[11]Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.[12]Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 807, China.[13]Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, P. R. China.[14]Department of Urology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, P. R. China.[15]Department of Urology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.四川省肿瘤医院[16]Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing 400040, China.[17]Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, P. R. China.[18]Department of Urology, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, P. R. China.[19]Department of Urology, Dongguan People’s Hospital, Dongguan 523059, Guangdong, P. R. China.[20]Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.[21]Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, P. R. China.中山大学附属第一医院[22]Department of Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.
Background: The 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis (AJCC-TNM) staging system is based on a few retrospective single-center studies. We aimed to test the prognostic validity of the staging system and to determine whether a modified clinicopathological tumor staging system that includes lymphovascular embolization could increase the accuracy of prognostic prediction for patients with stage T2-3 penile cancer. Methods: A training cohort of 411 patients who were treated at 2 centers in China and Brazil between 2000 and 2015 were staged according to the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system. The internal validation was analyzed by bootstrap-corrected C-indexes (resampled 1000 times). Data from 436 patients who were treated at 15 centers over four continents were used for external validation. Results: A survivorship overlap was observed between T2 and T3 patients (P = 0.587) classified according to the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system. Lymphovascular embolization was a significant prognostic factor for metastasis and survival (all P < 0.001). Based on the multivariate analysis, only lymphovascular embolization showed a significant influence on cancer-specific survival (CSS) (hazard ratio = 1.587, 95% confidence interval = 1.253-2.011; P = 0.001). T2 and T3 patients with lymphovascular embolization showed significantly shorter CSS than did those without lymphovascular embolization (P < 0.001). Therefore, a modified clinicopathological staging system was proposed, with the T2 and T3 categories of the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system being subdivided into two new categories as follows: t2 tumors invade the corpus spongiosum and/or corpora cavernosa and/or urethra without lymphovascular invasion, and t3 tumors invade the corpus spongiosum and/or corpora cavernosa and/or urethra with lymphovascular invasion. The modified staging system involving lymphovascular embolization showed improved prognostic stratification with significant differences in CSS among all categories (all P < 0.005) and exhibited higher accuracy in predicting patient prognoses than did the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system (C-index, 0.739 vs. 0.696). These results were confirmed in the external validation cohort. Conclusions: T2-3 penile cancers are heterogeneous, and a modified clinicopathological staging system that incorporates lymphovascular embolization may better predict the prognosis of patients with penile cancer than does the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system.
基金:
Research reported in this publication was supported by the Science and
Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No.
2015A030302018).
第一作者机构:[1]Department of Urology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China.[2]Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China.Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.[3]Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road, East Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.[4]Department of Urology, Brazilian National Institute of Cancer and Hospital Mário Kroeff, Rio de Janeiro 20230‑130, Brazil.
共同第一作者:
通讯作者:
通讯机构:[2]Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China.Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.[3]Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road, East Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.[4]Department of Urology, Brazilian National Institute of Cancer and Hospital Mário Kroeff, Rio de Janeiro 20230‑130, Brazil.
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714):
Zai‑Shang Li,Antonio Augusto Ornellas,Christian Schwentner,et al.A modified clinicopathological tumor staging system for survival prediction of patients with penile cancer[J].CANCER COMMUNICATIONS.2018,38:doi:10.1186/s40880-018-0340-x.
APA:
Zai‑Shang Li,Antonio Augusto Ornellas,Christian Schwentner,Xiang Li,Alcides Chaux...&Fang‑Jian Zhou.(2018).A modified clinicopathological tumor staging system for survival prediction of patients with penile cancer.CANCER COMMUNICATIONS,38,
MLA:
Zai‑Shang Li,et al."A modified clinicopathological tumor staging system for survival prediction of patients with penile cancer".CANCER COMMUNICATIONS 38.(2018)