Objective:To study the relationship between inflammation and traumatic deep vein thrombosis (TDVT).Methods : A rat model of deep venous thrombosis was established by directly clamping femoral vein. Based on the different biological situations of femoral vein thrombosis and observation phases, 150 SD rats were divided into 7 groups. Inflammatory cells in vein wall of each group were counted. The fold change and cluster analysis were applied to study the change of gene expression during the development of venous thrombosis. Especially, the genes related to inflammation, fibrinolysis, coagulation of endothelium were analyzed in detail.Results: The inflammation cells in femoral vein wall were mostly neutrophilic granulocytes in Groups B, C and D, while they were lymphocytes in Groups E, F and G. Compared with Groups A, B, E and G, the inflammation cell counts in Groups C, D and F were much higher (P ＜0.05). The results of fold-change analysis showed that 2 504 genes ( Log 2 ratio ≥ 1 or≤-1 ) presented different expressions in the process of TDVT. Most of these genes' functions were not clarified so far and the genes with known functions were involved in inflammation, DNA-dependent transcription regulation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, etc. Among them, 23 genes related to inflammation had different expressions during TDVT. The cluster analysis showed that the expression changes of several genes, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, Cinc2, corresponded with the development of femoral vein thrombosis.Conclusion: There is a close relationship between the genes related to inflammation and deep vein thrombosis induced by direct vascular trauma.