Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are critical regulators of many diseases, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A recent study has shown that circLPAR3 is highly expressed in ESCC, but its role and mechanism in ESCC are still unclear. Methods: The expression levels of circLPAR3, microRNA-375 (miR-375), miR-433, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The circular characteristic and localization of circLPAR3 were identified by Ribonuclease R (RNase R) and nuclear-cytoplasmic separation assay. Also, cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were tested by transwell assay. Moreover, Western blot (WB) analysis was used to test the levels of proliferation and metastasis-related protein, as well as the HMGB1 protein. Besides, mice xenograft models were constructed to assess the effect of circLPAR3 on ESCC tumor growth in vivo. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were used to identify the mechanism of circLPAR3. Results: CircLPAR3 was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cells, and its high expression was related to the poor prognosis of ESCC patients. CircLPAR3 was a stable cyclic transcript, mainly located in the cytoplasm, and its knockdown hindered the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells and inhibited ESCC tumor growth in vivo. MiR-375/miR-433 could be sponged by circLPAR3, and their inhibitors could reverse the suppression effect of silenced circLPAR3 on ESCC progression. HMGB1 could be targeted by miR-375/miR433, and its overexpression also could invert the inhibition effect of circLPAR3 knockdown on ESCC progression. Conclusion: CircLPAR3 might play an oncogenic role in ESCC through sponging miR-375/ miR-433 to promote HMGB1 expression, which might provide a theoretical basis for circLPAR3 to become a biomarker for ESCC therapy.