Few data have reported the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence and related risk factors of these mental health symptoms. A total of 47841 participants from seven regions of China were enrolled by a two-stage, stratified, community-based, clustering sampling strategy between 2014 and 2016. Data of sociodemographic status and medical history were collected through a standard questionnaire. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Zung's self-rating anxiety scale were used to screen depressive and anxiety symptoms. Among 47588 individuals who completed the self-report questionnaires, the weighted prevalence of depressive symptom was 2.9% and that of anxiety symptom was 1.5%. In females with heart failure (HF) and stroke, prevalence of either depressive and anxiety symptoms were 15.1% and 13.8%, respectively; while 9.4% and 8.4% for the male counterparts. Among patients with ≥ any 3 specific CVDs, the prevalence of having either depressive or anxiety symptoms were 13.1% and 6.8% for females and males, respectively. Younger age, female, unmarried, lower income, and disease history of atrial fibrillation, HF and stroke tend to link with higher risks of mental health symptoms. Cross-sectional study. A high proportion of patients with CVD had depressive and anxiety symptoms. Screening for mental health symptoms is more important in higher-risk populations who are at younger age, being female, unmarried, with low income, and with diagnoses of atrial fibrillation, HF, and stroke. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.