To investigate the effect of Jintiange capsule on acute bone atrophy (vertebral height, Cobb's angle, bone mineral density, and visual analog score (VAS) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.A total of 106 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were selected and randomly divided into study and control group. Vertebral height ratio (VHR), Cobb's angle, bone mineral density (BMD), and VAS analyses were performed as study indexes. The study was performed from January 2019 to December 2019 as a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial and all the participants were blinded throughout the study. There were 24 males and 29 females in the study group, with 14 cases of thoracic fractures and 39 cases of lumbar fractures. The age was 61-75 years, with an average of 67.5 ± 2.7 years, and the course of disease was 1-9 days, with an average of 2.7 ± 0.5 days. There were 22 males and 31 females in the control group, with 17 cases of thoracic fractures and 36 cases of lumbar fractures. Patients in the control group received conventional postoperative treatment, while patients in the study group were treated with Jintiange capsule. The treatment continued for 3 months. The ages of the participants were from 60 to 70 years, while the average ages of both groups were 67 ± 2.8 years and the study recruited participants of both sexes.The clinical efficacy, vertebral imaging indexes before and after treatment, as well as pain and daily activity dysfunction scores were compared. The effect of the Jintiange capsule was followed for 3 months and both the groups were compared. The total effective score of the study group was significantly increased (90.6%) in contrast to the control group (67.9) and the P value was less than the 0.5. The vertebral height and bone mineral density of the study group was significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.034) using t-test. However, the Cobb's angle of the study group was significantly (P < 0.047) lower than the control group using t-test after the treatment. On the other hand, the VAS score and Oswestry score of the study group were significantly lower than control group at 1 month and 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05). There was no significance difference (all P > 0.05) in term of gender and ages in both the recruited groups.It can be concluded that Jintiange capsule can significantly improve the clinical efficacy rate, vertebral height, Cobb's angle, and bone mineral density, pain relief, and daily activity function.© 2021 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.